A comprehensive review of hydrogen generation by water splitting using 2D nanomaterials: Photo vs electro-catalysis

Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) with eccentric properties are emerging 2D nanomaterials intriguing applications in the photo and electro-catalytic water splitting (Wsp). MXenes have a regular planer structure large specific surface area (SSA), excellent hydrophilicity, metallic conductivity, wide range of functionalities termination groups, making them promising candidate for long-term hydrogen generation (H2, gen). As result, their use as electro photo-catalysts Wsp to solve energy environmental challenges has increased. were proposed overcome major drawbacks TiO2, most commonly used photo-catalyst solar-driven Wsp, such high band gap fast recombination photo-induced charge carriers. MXene been rigorously investigated based on TiO2 modification (i.e. in-situ derived MXene-TiO2 MXene/TiO2 nanocomposite) well Metal-MXene co-catalyst that provides simple electron channelization improve overall photo-catalytic activity (CatA)toward increase evolution reaction (HER). However, several issues must be resolved before practical may considered, weak capabilities limited intrinsic catalytic activities. Although there few review papers synthesis, properties, Mxenes various fields, this present work focuses current advances synthetic MXene-derived nanohybrid composites Metals-MXene nanocomposite, clarifying carrier separation mechanism connection formed Schottky junction at MXene- elements interface attaining H2, gen. Furthermore, technical challenges, enhanced performance materials design derivative structural features presented. MXenes' is carefully outlined, along its photocatalytic electrocatalytic properties. According literature review, Ti3C2 can combined variety produce or photo-catalysis distinct layered morphology (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D), abundant photo-electrical viable gen alternatives. The rate from over 20 50, 000 mol.g-1h−1, [email protected]3C2Tx producing most.